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Springfield race riot of 1908
The Springfield race riot of 1908 was a mass civil disturbance in Springfield, Illinois, USA on August 14 and 15, 1908, sparked by the arrest of two African Americans as suspects in violent crimes against whites. When a mob seeking to take the men for lynching discovered the sheriff had transferred them out of the city, it rioted in black neighborhoods. It killed black citizens on the street and destroyed businesses and homes.
By the end of the riot the next day, the governor had sent in thousands of militia to restore order. At least seven people died, and there was US$200,000 in property damage, mostly to the black neighborhoods. This was one of the few riots of whites against blacks in 20th-century United States history in which more white deaths (five) were recorded than black (two). The riot was a factor in a biracial group forming the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), an organization to work to improve civil rights for blacks, and to educate all the populace and improve race relations.
==Background==
Around the start of the 20th century, Springfield, Illinois was a rapidly growing industrial center, with the highest percentage of African American residents of any comparably sized city in Illinois. It also had a high proportion of European immigrants who came for industrial jobs. Blacks had been migrating north for work and to leave the social oppression of the South; in 1900 they numbered 2300 residents in Springfield, 6.5 percent of the town's population. Although blacks were generally kept to lower-class and unskilled jobs, and lived in segregated areas, social tensions arose from fierce job competition with the recent European immigrants for the lower grade jobs. Industries sometimes used black workers as strikebreakers during labor strikes. Town residents worried about growing political power among blacks.〔Merritt (2008), ''Something So Horrible'', pp. 13-17〕〔("Springfield Race Riot" ), Think Quest〕
"It is the central paradox of our history that a nation based on the respect for law and order should so often resort to violence to maintain the inequities of race and class."〔Merritt (2008), ''Something So Horrible'', p. 43〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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